Diagnostic Company Category Evidence Score Price Range Key Limitation
VO2 Max (CPET) functional measure 9.5 $150-400 Requires specialized lab. Consumer estimates (Apple Watch, Garmin) are rough proxies, not…
DXA (DEXA) Scan functional measure 9.0 $75-300 Radiation exposure (minimal). Requires clinical facility. Snapshot, not continuous.
Grip Strength Dynamometer functional measure 9.0 $10-50 Single functional measure. Does not explain why strength is declining. Best used alongside other…

The Measurement Hierarchy

A $30 grip dynamometer predicts mortality comparably to a $3,000 epigenetic clock test (PURE study, n=139,691). The most expensive test is not always the most informative. Our evidence scores reflect published validation data, not price or marketing sophistication.